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KMID : 1157520230190010001
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International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry
2023 Volume.19 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.6
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Fluoride and Dental Health: An Overview of Its History, Occurrence, Intake and Metabolism in Human, Methods of Delivery and Harmful Effects
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Eman K. M. Mansur
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Abstract
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Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal and the most electronegative element. It almost never occurs in nature in its elemental state, it combines with all elements, except oxygen and the noble gases, to form fluorides. A human can obtain fluoride (F) from air, drinking water and food. The metabolism of F is constituted of the following processes; absorption: secretion: distribution: and excretion. A distinction is made between F that is ingested systemically and that is applied topically. Nevertheless, as seen by Murray and Naylor 1996, such distinctions are not helpful since all methods of F delivery can have both systemic and topical effects. F has made a great contribution in declining dental caries prevalence since the discovery of its anti-caries effect in 1938 by Dr Trendly Dean. Prolonged use of F at recommended levels does not produce harmful physiological effects in human. However, like every chemical, there are safe limits for F ingestion beyond which harmful effects occur. At excessive exposure levels, ingestion of F causes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and manifestations such as gastrointestinal, neurological, and urinary problems. These effects can be classified as acute toxicity and chronic toxicity.
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KEYWORD
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fluoride, dental caries, prevention, toxicity
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FullTexts / Linksout information
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Listed journal information
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